{"id":4485,"date":"2020-04-17T09:02:12","date_gmt":"2020-04-17T09:02:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hisaproject.org\/?page_id=4485"},"modified":"2024-10-07T15:23:36","modified_gmt":"2024-10-07T15:23:36","slug":"vers-une-coexistence-durable-au-village-de-gongo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hisaproject.org\/?page_id=4485","title":{"rendered":"Vers une coexistence durable au village de Gongo"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Contexte<\/h2>\n

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La Tanzanie regorge d\u2019innombrables merveilles naturelles et culturelles. Elle est r\u00e9put\u00e9e pour sa beaut\u00e9 et la diversit\u00e9 de ses paysages, mais aussi pour la richesse de sa faune et de sa flore. Cependant, comme partout ailleurs, cette richesse naturelle exceptionnelle est gravement menac\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Avec pr\u00e8s de 550 000 \u00e0 700 000 individus, la population d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phants d\u2019Afrique a par exemple chut\u00e9 de 86% depuis 1976. En cause notamment, la croissance de la population humaine et ses exigences de consommation qui ont, chaque ann\u00e9e, un plus grand impact sur les espaces naturels. Ceux-ci sont d\u00e9forest\u00e9s pour r\u00e9colter du bois de chauffage ou pour faire place \u00e0 des terres agricoles, au d\u00e9veloppement urbain ou aux sites industriels.<\/p>\n

Les terres sauvages autrefois habit\u00e9es par les \u00e9l\u00e9phants sont envahies et transform\u00e9es par les humains.<\/span> De nombreuses populations d’\u00e9l\u00e9phants, expuls\u00e9s de leurs derniers refuges, recherchent de nouveaux espaces pour trouver de l’eau, un abri et de la nourriture. Dans leur recherche de nouveaux territoires, de nombreux \u00e9l\u00e9phants traversent des zones habit\u00e9es par les communaut\u00e9s locales. <\/span>Cette proximit\u00e9 avec les humains conduit \u00e0 l’\u00e9mergence de conflits aux cons\u00e9quences d\u00e9sastreuses pour les moyens d’existence des populations rurales, mais aussi pour la survie des \u00e9l\u00e9phants.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Les \u00e9l\u00e9phants sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s en danger d’extinction selon la Liste rouge de l’UICN depuis le 25 mars 2021. Chaque individu doit \u00eatre prot\u00e9g\u00e9!<\/p>\n

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Afin d\u2019assurer la pr\u00e9servation des \u00e9l\u00e9phants, notre association a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d\u2019intervenir pour aider les communaut\u00e9s locales \u00e0 cohabiter harmonieusement avec les populations d’\u00e9l\u00e9phants, en consid\u00e9rant les besoins de la nature et des \u00e9l\u00e9phants mais \u00e9galement les besoins humains. La vision novatrice de notre projet consiste \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des for\u00eats partag\u00e9es dans lesquelles hommes et \u00e9l\u00e9phants peuvent vivre et coexister ensemble. Nous souhaitons proposer un nouveau mod\u00e8le de cohabitation, bas\u00e9 sur les principes de la permaculture et de l\u2019agroforesterie.<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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nos objectifs :\u00a0\u00a0<\/h2>\n

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1<\/h2>\n

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2\u00a0\u00a0<\/h2>\n

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3\u00a0\u00a0<\/h2>\n

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Reforester les zones d\u00e9grad\u00e9es en y int\u00e9grant des cultures alternatives d\u00e9sagr\u00e9ables au go\u00fbt des \u00e9l\u00e9phants, au c\u0153ur m\u00eame du corridor (piment, gingembre, camomille, etc.).<\/p>\n

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Prot\u00e9ger les zones agricoles les plus sensibles gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des m\u00e9thodes classiques qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait leur preuve \u00e0 travers le monde pour limiter les intrusions des \u00e9l\u00e9phants (barri\u00e8res en ruches d’abeilles, barri\u00e8res de piment, etc.).<\/p>\n

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Sensibiliser et partager nos connaissances avec la communaut\u00e9. Nous formerons la communaut\u00e9 aux moyens \u00e0 disposition permettant de concilier les activit\u00e9s agricoles et la pr\u00e9servation des \u00e9l\u00e9phants.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.22″ custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb100px|0|0|0|false|false\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.25″ custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||100px|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_2″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.25″ custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.9.2″ text_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb38px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bbOswald|||on|||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_text_align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb48px\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

La vision novatrice de notre projet :\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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Ne pas uniquement isoler les hommes des animaux sauvages par la mise en place de barri\u00e8res, mais c<\/span>r\u00e9er \u00e9galement des espaces naturels partag\u00e9s dans lesquels l\u2019homme et l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phant peuvent coexister, des for\u00eats nourrici\u00e8res et productives offrant des opportunit\u00e9s de revenus aux communaut\u00e9s mais \u00e9galement une zone refuge \u00e0 de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces dont les \u00e9l\u00e9phants.<\/p>\n

Nous souhaitons proposer un nouveau mod\u00e8le de cohabitation, bas\u00e9 sur les principes de la permaculture et de l\u2019agroforesterie, tels que le concept de jardins-for\u00eats de Geoff Lawton (cf vid\u00e9o explicative ci-apr\u00e8s).\u00a0<\/p>\n

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Le parc de Saadani<\/h2>\n

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Le parc national de Saadani, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 environ 100 km au nord de Dar es Salaam, est une zone prot\u00e9g\u00e9e class\u00e9e \u00abzone cl\u00e9 pour la biodiversit\u00e9\u00bb. Il s\u2019agit du seul parc national comprenant \u00e0 la fois des zones terrestres et marines, et pr\u00e9sentant une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 d’esp\u00e8ces v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et animales. R\u00e9serve de chasse depuis 1969, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement class\u00e9 comme parc national en 2005, le classant comme l\u2019un des plus r\u00e9cents du pays. Cependant, les pressions li\u00e9es au braconnage et \u00e0 la d\u00e9forestation ont extr\u00eamement fragilis\u00e9 les populations d’\u00e9l\u00e9phants.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Le parc est entour\u00e9 de 17 villages engag\u00e9s dans diff\u00e9re<\/span><\/span>ntes activit\u00e9s impactant l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de la r\u00e9gion, comme le village de Gongo. Ce village se trouve directement sur l’une des derni\u00e8res trajectoires (corridor \u00e9cologique) emprunt\u00e9es par les \u00e9l\u00e9phants<\/strong> pour rejoindre la rivi\u00e8re Wami et les autres parcs nationaux.<\/span><\/p>\n

Puisque l’agriculture a s\u00e9rieusement affaibli l’\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me de la for\u00eat de Gongo, les \u00e9l\u00e9phants sont oblig\u00e9s de traverser des zones habit\u00e9es pour se nourrir, causant ainsi des dommages importants.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Traits d’union important entre de nombreuses aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, il est essentiel de pr\u00e9server ce carrefour migratoire et de cr\u00e9er de nouveaux refuges !<\/span><\/p>\n

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Champs de ma\u00efs ayant remplac\u00e9 des parcelles de la for\u00eat de Gongo, autrefois peupl\u00e9e par des lions et autres animaux sauvages.<\/p>\n

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Secteur autour du village de Gongo apr\u00e8s coupe du bois.<\/p>\n

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Champs de cocotiers d\u00e9truits par les \u00e9l\u00e9phants.<\/p>\n

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Intrusion d’\u00e9l\u00e9phants dans le village.<\/p>\n

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Photos prises par des cam\u00e9ras trap install\u00e9es par nos \u00e9quipes en p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie du village.<\/p>\n

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notre partenaire : SANA<\/h2>\n

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Pour r\u00e9pondre aux enjeux de coexistence de la r\u00e9gion, nous avons li\u00e9 notre expertise \u00e0 celle de l\u2019ONG tanzanienne <\/span>Saving Africa\u2019s Nature (SANA)<\/span>. Nous avons donc men\u00e9 \u00e0 leurs c\u00f4t\u00e9s une \u00e9tude pr\u00e9liminaire, fin 2019, afin d\u2019\u00e9tudier la situation, comprendre le contexte g\u00e9ographique, la fr\u00e9quence de passage des \u00e9l\u00e9phants ainsi que leurs cons\u00e9quences sur le mode de vie des communaut\u00e9s locales.<\/span><\/p>\n

La mission de SANA est de <\/span>r\u00e9tablir l’\u00e9quilibre \u00e9cologique de la for\u00eat de Gongo<\/span>, en r\u00e9duisant l’impact des activit\u00e9s humaines. Par cons\u00e9quent, ils travaillent avec les communaut\u00e9s pour les aider \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer leur niveau de vie, tout en les sensibilisant au respect de la nature, en les aidant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire l’impact de leurs activit\u00e9s sur l’environnement. SANA est impliqu\u00e9e dans la protection de la faune, pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment dans la for\u00eat de Gongo. Son objectif est de <\/span>d\u00e9velopper la participation des communaut\u00e9s locales \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s alternatives g\u00e9n\u00e9ratrices de revenus, tout en prot\u00e9geant la biodiversit\u00e9, afin d’am\u00e9liorer leur niveau de vie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 une forte sensibilisation de notre partenaire SANA, il n’y a plus de repr\u00e9sailles mais les rencontres s’intensifient ! <\/span>En effet, \u00e0 Gongo les \u00e9l\u00e9phants deviennent de plus en plus pr\u00e9sent depuis 3 ans. <\/span>Sur 52 nuits d’observations, les \u00e9l\u00e9phants se sont introduits dans le village 30 nuits, et ont endommag\u00e9 les cultures au cours de 20 nuits. <\/span>En moyenne, 45,5% des exploitations agricoles de 10 Ha ou moins ont \u00e9t\u00e9 endommag\u00e9es, et 21,3% pour celles de plus de 10 Ha<\/span> ; repr\u00e9sentant des pertes cons\u00e9quentes pour les petits producteurs pour qui l’agriculture est principalement un moyen de subsistance.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

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Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 vos dons :<\/span><\/h2>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.27.4″ text_font=\u00a0\u00bbNunito||||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb18px\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bbOswald||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb25px\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Nous pourrions d\u00e9j\u00e0 cr\u00e9er un premier espace de 20 hectares, lier durablement et pacifiquement les \u00e9l\u00e9phants et les hommes, en prenant en consid\u00e9ration les besoins de chacun, \u00e9prouver ce mod\u00e8le et le d\u00e9velopper \u00e0 plus grande \u00e9chelle !<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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